An ad account is the unit that holds campaign structure, spend history, and a payment method, and it's what gets flagged, restricted, or disabled when Meta detects a policy issue. Every campaign, no matter how it's structured, is created inside one specific ad account tied to one Business Manager.
For agencies, the ad account is also the unit clients care about most directly, since its spend limit, verification status, and standing determine how much can be spent and how reliably. A single disabled ad account mid-flight can interrupt a client's entire campaign, which is why agency ad accounts and redundancy planning exist.

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